The approach of the program is that intellectual knowledge is power, and knowledge can circumvent the influence of drugs, although there is little evidence that knowing drugs are bad and drug avoidance is correlated. After all, many people continue to smoke long after they know that cigarettes are hazardous to their health.

Children may use drugs for emotional reasons that cannot be penetrated by logic, like low self-esteem and few hopes for the future. Some programs are also staffed with older peers, to present positive and realistic role models to children, and these programs may provide a more workable model, although it is difficult to track which programs are more helpful. A multitude of factors can skew the results of program data, such as socioeconomic status of the children involved, the competency and rapport of the teacher with the students, and the culture of the students' communities.

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