The rating scale is 1 to 7 with 1 representing "I don't like this at all" and 7 "I like this a lot." Each candy bar's average rating across judges is used as a point in a scatterplot with nine points. The scatterplot looks like the constellation Orion. It also looks like a pattern described by two dimensions, sweet and salty. The stress statistic for two dimensions has an acceptable value, but not as good as when a third dimension is added. The third dimension appears to one of texture: creamy vs. crunchy.

As Borgatti (1997) observed, there are two things to look for in interpreting an MDS map: clusters and dimensions. An inspection of the clusters of points reveals that highest average rating seems distant from the other eight and falls in the region describable as somewhat sweet, not very salty, and partly crunchy (Snickers). The lowest rating, which...
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