Essay Instructions: Hi,
I have a case study to present at microbiology and there is the study guide that the professor provided for us: you , guys, just need to answer to the questions that I am posting here. Your answers should consist 4 pages as ordered.
Gateway Community College
BIO235: Microbiology
Case Study Guide
1.A You may want to characterize
reasons for the increase as artificial
(e.g. increase in culturing,
new testing procedures, data entry errors, lab errors, etc)
versus real
(e.
g. changes in population
and/or infection rate)
.
1B)
Discuss procedures with lab and surveillance staff to identify potential issues.
2) Look for similar banding patterns. Those with up to one band difference are considered
similar.
3) A case definition is a standard set of criteria used to determine
whether or not individuals
should be classified as having the disease in question. This includes clinical criteria (signs,
symptoms, lab results) and time, place, and person.
4) A graph may facilitate comparisons.
5) This is done to identify all potential
sources of infection. Commonalities among cases will
ultimately provide a hypothesis on the source of the outbreak. Questions should include:
demographics,
date of onset, duration, severity, hospital/doctor visits, 7 day food
and water
history,
exposure to other ill adults, children, farm animals, travel.
6) You may skip question #6.
7) Summarize what you have learned thus far.
8A) Controls are individuals without the disease in question but are represe
ntative
of the
community
. Controls
should be at risk, have potential for exposure but be independent of their
exposure status.
8B) Matching refer
s to selecting controls with characteristics
similar to ca
ses
such as age,
sex,
and
geographic area. This minimizes the risk of confounding.
9) Possible methods include random digit dialing, neighborhoods,
referrals
from
patients,
and
referrals from physicians. Choose one of these and li
st some
advantages
and disadvantages of
your decision.
10) Traditionally
,
info
rmation on cases is
selected approximately one week prior to the onset of
disease. C
ontrols are generally matched to cases.
11) Chance, selection bias
(persons with exposure more likely to be cultured)
, in
formation bias
(cases more likely to
accurately
remember
diet than controls)
, confounding
(sprouts may have
been associated with some other food that is the true cause)
, true association.
12) May have for
gotten, cross
-
contamination, longer incubation period, controls infected by
cases, some other cause.
13) Decide whether you have enough information to implicate a specific source. If not, suggest
further studies such as culturing suspected source, tracebac
k along chain of production, further
examine cases not associated with suspected source for other
possible
routes of infection.
14) Evidence, environmental and/or production contamination, scope of outbreak,
precedence for
this type of infection, microbiol
ogical evidence. Justify your decision.
15) All steps between harvest and consumption should be considered. Product ID, lot #
’
s, sell
-
by
& expiration
dates
,
manufactures, wholesalers, distributors, shipping procedures.
16)
Use the information you hav
e gathered to establish a hypothesis.
17) If contamination occurred what are potential sites?
18) Consider short and long term measures.
Hope this helps
, please do not hesitate
to ask
should
you have any questions
!
